??在石油裂化管標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中，布氏硬度用途最廣，往往以壓痕直徑來表示該材料的硬度，既直觀，又方便。但是對(duì)于較硬的或較薄的鋼材的石油裂化管不適用。???【2】洛氏硬度?

[1] oil cracking tube Brinell hardness [1]??
Among the standards for petroleum cracking pipes, Brinell hardness is the most widely used. It is not only intuitive but also convenient to express the hardness of the material by indentation diameter. However, it is not suitable for oil cracking pipes with harder or thinner steel. ? [2] Rockwell hardness?

石油裂化管洛氏硬度試驗(yàn)同布氏硬度試驗(yàn)一樣，都是壓痕試驗(yàn)方法。不同的是，它是測量壓痕的深度。洛氏硬度試驗(yàn)是當(dāng)前應(yīng)用很廣的方法，其中HRC在鋼管標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中使用僅次于布氏硬度HB。洛氏硬度可適用于測定由極軟到極硬的石油裂化管材料，它彌補(bǔ)了布氏法的不是，較布氏法簡便，可直接從硬度機(jī)的表盤讀出硬度值。但是，由于其壓痕小，故硬度值不如布氏法準(zhǔn)確。???【3】?維氏硬度?

、The Rockwell hardness test of petroleum cracking pipe is the same as Brinell hardness test. The difference is that it measures the depth of indentation. Rockwell hardness test is a widely used b at present. HRC is used in steel pipe standard second only to Brinell hardness HB. Rockwell hardness can be applied to the determination of petroleum cracking pipe materials from very soft to very hard. It makes up for the fact that the Brinell b is not. It is simpler than the Brinell b and can be read directly from the dial of the hardness machine. However, because of its small indentation, the hardness value is not as accurate as that of Brinell b. ? [3]? Vivtorinox hardness?

執(zhí)行標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：GB9948-2006

Vickers hardness test of petroleum cracking pipe is also an indentation test b, which can be used to determine the hardness of very thin petroleum cracking pipe material and surface layer. It has the main advantages of Brinell b and Rockwell b, and overcomes their basic shortcomings. But it is not as simple as Rockwell b, which is seldom used in petroleum cracking pipe standard. Material: 20G?
Implementation criteria: GB9948-2006

增長需求的疲軟將將導(dǎo)致運(yùn)力的過剩，這將成為困擾航運(yùn)業(yè)復(fù)蘇前景關(guān)鍵因素，運(yùn)費(fèi)增長進(jìn)一步承壓。我國鋼材出口持續(xù)下降，這主要是由于從5月份開始國內(nèi)鋼材價(jià)格顯著上漲，使得價(jià)格差距不斷縮小，出口競爭優(yōu)勢不斷被削弱，企業(yè)出口積極性明顯減弱，從而導(dǎo)致鋼材出口顯著下滑。

石油專用管主要用于油、氣井的鉆探及油、氣的輸送。它包括石油鉆管、石油套管、抽油管。石油鉆管主要用于連接鉆鋌和鉆頭并傳遞鉆井動(dòng)力。石油套管主要用于鉆井過程中和完井后對(duì)井壁的支撐，以保證鉆井過程的進(jìn)行和完井后整個(gè)油井的正常運(yùn)行。抽油管主要將油井底部的油、氣輸送到地面。Weak demand growth will lead to excess capacity, which will be a key factor in the recovery prospects of the shipping industry, and further pressure on freight growth. China's steel exports continued to decline, mainly due to the sharp rise in domestic steel prices since May, resulting in a narrowing price gap, weakening export competitiveness, enterprises'export enthusiasm significantly weakened, resulting in a significant decline in steel exports.
The oil special pipe is mainly used for drilling oil and gas well and transporting oil and gas. It includes oil drill pipe, oil casing and oil suction pipe. The oil drill pipe is mainly used to connect drill collar and drill bit and transmit drilling power. Oil casing is mainly used to support the wellbore during drilling and after completion to ensure the normal operation of the whole oil well. The tubing mainly transfers the oil and gas at the bottom of the oil well to the ground.

 石油套管是一種大口徑管材，起到固定石油和天然氣油井壁或井孔的作用。套管是插入井孔里，用水泥固定，以防止井眼隔開巖層和井眼坍塌、并保證鉆探泥漿循環(huán)流動(dòng)，以便于鉆探開采。在石油開采過程中使用的不同類型的套管：表層石油套管 - 保護(hù)鉆井，使其避免受淺水層及淺氣層污染， - 支撐井口設(shè)備并保持套管的其他層重量。技術(shù)石油套管 - 分隔不同層面的壓力，以便鉆液額度正常流通并保護(hù)生產(chǎn)套管。

石油套管是維持油井運(yùn)行的生命線。由于地質(zhì)條件不同，井下受力狀態(tài)復(fù)雜，拉、壓、彎、扭應(yīng)力綜合作用作用于管體，這對(duì)套管本身的質(zhì)量提出了較高的要求。一旦套管本身由于某種原因而損壞，可能導(dǎo)致整口井的減產(chǎn)，甚至報(bào)廢。按鋼材本身的強(qiáng)度套管可分為不同鋼級(jí)，即J55、K55、N80、L80、C90、T95、P110、Q125、V150等。井況、井深不同，采用的鋼級(jí)也不同。在腐蝕環(huán)境下還要求套管本身具有抗腐蝕性能。在地質(zhì)條件復(fù)雜的地方還要求套管具有抗擠毀性能。
The oil casing is a large diameter pipe, which acts as a fixed oil or gas well wall or well bore. Casing is inserted into the borehole and fixed with cement to prevent the borehole from separating the rock bation and wellbore collapse, and to ensure the circulation of drilling mud flow, so as to facilitate drilling and production. Different types of casing used in oil production: surface casing - Protective drilling to avoid contamination by shallow water and shallow gas layers, supporting wellhead equipment and maintaining the weight of other layers of casing. Technical Oil Casing - Separates pressure at different layers so that drilling fluid flow normally and protects production casing.